Boiler-setting.



D. P. KILGOUR.

BOILER SETTING. APPLICATION FILED APR.1,1908.

909,805, Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

DWIGHT l". KILGOUR, OF LEXINGTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

BOILER-SETTING.

No. ceases.

Speccationof Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

Application filed April 1, 1908. Seria-l No. 424,500.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DwlerrrF. KILGOUR, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Lexington, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Boiler-Settings, of which the following description, in connection with the acco/mpanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention relates to an improved setting for boilers or other generators or apparatus requiring to be heated, the aim of my invention being to provide a setting which will improve the combustion attainable, not only for the purpose of providing a higher heating effect but also to eliminate objectionable smoke in whole or in part.

My invention consists in various features of construction novel in themselves' and in combination, which will be best understood from a description of one embodiment of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1, in vertical, longitudinal section, shows one embodiment of my invention, the boiler being shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is a vertical, transverse section on the dotted line 22 of Fig. 1, looking to the right; and Fig. 3, a similar section, on the dotted line 3-3 of Fig. f1, lalso looking to the right; Fig.f 4 is an enlarged detail of the jet pipe'arranged in the bridge wall.

In the particular embodiment of my inlvention selected. for illustration hereiri and shown in the drawing, the boiler indicated at B may be of any suitable or desiredtype or construction. In the present instance it is a fire tube boiler of usual type, having the up-take I) at its front end and in communication with the stack or chimney. The boiler is supported and surrounded by the usual, double walls c, of brick or other material as may be desired, and which do not i'n the present instance constitute any particular part of my invention e'xcept in so far as they are employed in combination with other and special features to be described.

The fire door is at the front of the boiler and marked d, the samev communicating di@` rectly with the fire .chamber D containing a usual or desired grate d. 4Beneath the grate is the usual ash pit cl2, provided at its ront end with 'the ash door da.

At the rear end of the fire chamber and'of the grate therein is the bridge wall e of usual yheight and not unlike in construction and arrangement the usual bridge wall, other than in the present instance the sameis made of sufficient depth from front to rear toper mitof the arrangement of-a transverse vertical air duct e. This air duct, at its lower end, communicates through a forwardly extended passage e? with the ash pit d2 and at its upper end said air duct is closed butprovided with one or more, preferably a plurality ofoutlets shown as twyersea, rearwardly directed and provided as indicated in Fig. 3 each with a series of small apertures e4.

In the bottom of the air duct e I have arranged a steam jet pipe f, controlled exteriorly of the setting (see Fig. 3) by a valve f and provided along its upper edge with a series of perforations f2 through which live steam, taken from a suitable source, may be projected up through the air duct e', drawprojected rearwardA from the twyers in the4 'direction in which the products' of combustion from the fire chamber D are flowing.

At the rear ofthe bridge wall e and ata suitable distance therefrom is a solid wall h,

closely fitting the under side of the boiler and provided at or near` its Ybottom. with an opening preferably of the size and communieating with a rearwardly extended combustion -chamber H. This combustion .chamber com rises side walls set in from themain walls o the setting, said chamber being preferably. of general horse shoe shape, with a flat wall at the bottom, and is made preferably slightly flaring and the axis of said chamber is inclined slightly downward toward the rear, as best indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. This combustion chamber while laterally contracted to collect land concentrate the gases from the sides of the re chamber and mixing chamber must not beso small as to offer any. obstruction to the flow of gases. therethrough nor should it be ob"- structed; on the contrary, it should be made of such dimensions and so free and open as to facilitate the draft and the resultant, flow of gases and to this end, `for the best results,

should present an unobstructed cross-sec-v tional area of about one and one-half times that ofthe combined area of the tubes in the boiler. These relative dimensions will apply 'to ordinary conditions but, obviously, will lbe varied as the conditions vary.

' In practice the, fuel, fired upon the grate d', gives off its downward behind the bridge walltoor near the bottom of the setting thus concentrating the gases from the top to bottom or vertically. As they pass Vthe bridge wall the products of combustion are mixed with the air and lsteam projectedinto the vertical mixin chamber, here marked F, and located hind the bridge wall, passing or being deflected downward therethrough, thence rearward through the combustion chamber H, which collects and` draws inthe gases at the sides, concentrating all the ses laterally, the same assingthence t rough the larger chamber to and behind the rear end of theA boiler .returning through the tubes in the latter to the front, thence upward through the up-take 4to the stack. By this arrangement the products of combustion are, so to speak, distilled olf in the fire chamber and as theypass over the bridge wall, and arev then at and in the immediate rearof the latter mixedv with the oxygen and hydrogen from the heated air and steam proected into the gases, becoming thorough y mixed therewith 1n the mixing chamber F, the final combustion taking place in the combustion chamber H. The'eiect of the combustion is to heat the walls of the combustion chamresultin come t 5 Awill 'have reached the combustion chamber 5 berto an intense and practically white heatV of incandescence, so that the combustionV occurring ktherein amounts almost toa continuous explosionrso toA speak, effecting, in us actual practice practically complete com tion, so complete as to be at nearly all times plrflectly trans arent and even at times of g only `sli tly diseolored.V Y If the com ustion chamber H Ywere iobstructed, as has been attempted heretofore, by the introduction of steam and air mixing devices at the int, the tlow of the gases would be retar ed, and the fu'rhhce choked in `an explosion, which would throw t e lire out at the front, and even so without proper combustion. In thepresent instance, however, sutlicient time is given after the roducts of combustion pass the bridge wal to rmit theoxygen and hydro :gen 'supplied y. the air.an steamv yto be-V oroughly mixed therewith and they by the time theactual union or combustion takes place, so that really the most intense heat is in the combustion chamber H. This renders the combustion itself substantially erfect to eliminate smoke, and the intense eat resultin therefrom, which would otherwise scorch t e boiler, is prevented from so ofthe combustion cham doing by thev distance separatfilng thftop will .r` om t e un er side of the boiler, there being, so to ak, a dead space surrounding the com ustion avoid chilling the boiler but prevents any excessive heat thereat.

Testsshow that the injurious expansion A and contraction of boilers at this point is by my invention almost entirely eliminated and the heat rendered almost substantially uniform from front to rear'of the boiler. The

complete combustion also eliminates the de-k posit of ash and sooty in the tubes and other passages of the setting.

By inclining the axis of the combustion chamber H downwardly I insurevsuch contact of the gasses passing therethrough with the heated walls of the chamber as will effect perfecty combustion. If 'the upper wall were not deflected-.downward some of the gases mightV creep along and make their exit without roper combustion.

Most rnaces, particularly those used in connection with medium size and larger boil-k ers, are provided with at least. two firing doors, because the widths ofthe grate areas and the firing chambers are such as to make it impossible properly to fire the entire widths thereof through one centrally located door.- With such wide, tire chambers, and

articularly when two doors are em loyed, 1t becomes necessary practicall to tire one side of the grate at a time, an it has been found in ractice that the products of combastion rising from the fuel near the sides of the ytire chamber continue to travelv throughout Vthe succeeding chambers close to the sides thereof, there bein nothing to compel the commingling of tie side and center gases. In fact, the depending, semilcircular cross sections of the boiler, present-- ingv the upwardly extended, tapering wing chambers, furnish the very construction` which tends to retain the side gases next to the sides of the chambers andY passages throughoutV their course throu h the boi er setting, and these are-the pr ucts of combustion which it is found most diicult pro erly to consume. My invention handlx these in a highly effective and eicient manr ner. Referring first to Figs. 1 andB, the products of combustion rising from the fuel on the grate pass in a wide sheet rearward over the bridge wall, the roducts from 'the front and rear of the tire c amber being concentrated vertically, that is, from .top t0 bottom, as they pass over the bridge wall, -beyond which they are deflected downward and thereby forced vertically, so to speak, to mix and combine. As stated, however, the combustion chamber` Hk is contracted laterally, which-causes the gases or' roducts of combustion' which vhave been attened or concentrated from top to bottom now to be brought toglether fromthe sidesV into what might rou ly be termed a vertical sheet or' film, in order to pass through the combustion chamber H, so that the products of combustion are first concentrated vertically, then deflected, and, finally, concentrated laterally, with the result that they are thoroughly commingled to produce a volume of gas which is substantially uniform throughout. The vertical deflection ofthe gases in following the course described, in connection with this laterat concentration, has proven highly eiiicient as a means for concentrating the gases. It is doubtful if this alone would produce the best results, and therefore my invention comprehends means such as described forprojecting air and steam into the products of combustion as they pass over the bridge wall, so that the concentration and mix-ing of the products is effected in the presence of and is assisted and promoted by the air and steam injected thereinto, resultling in a complete and uniform mixture of the products themselves and the air and steam that is admitted thereto, all tending to produce the most efficient heating effect and the most complete elimination of smoke.

Quite important, however, is the fact that all this is obtained by the combination and arrangement of entirely open flues, passages or chambers, which oder no obstruction to the draft and therefore do not retard the firing of the boiler. I am aware tliat'ity has been attempted to force the mixture'of the gases and promote combustion thereof by introducing in the path of the same brick.

checkerwork and the like, intended to break up the gases, but my :invention aims to elimi-l natetall such obstructions and to produce the desired result by a proper arrangement and relationship of open tubes and chambers, lsuch as herein shown and referred to in the claims. boiler which is' most likely to be burned or scorched is just back of the bridge wall which, by my invention, as will a pear from Fig. 1, is completely protected by the depending wall h, which completely bars the flow of the products of combustion at that point and deflects them downward to and throughthe combustion chamber and forces the combustion'lower and more to the rear, thereby equalizing the heating effect as compared with what has heretofore been possible; that is to say, that part of the boiler immediately in the rear of the bridge wall which has heretofore been overheated, is, by

my invention, protected; while the extreme rear end of the boiler, which heretofore has lacked of suiiicient heat, is, by my invention, sup lied with increased heat because of the com ustion lwhich is forced in the combustion chamber H and in the rear thereof, this ,f

combustion beingof the gases which* heretofore have gone off unconsumed. The result is a uniformity of heating effect, which promotes generation of steam and the elimination of smoke. Itwill be observed that the dead space above the combustion cham- Furthermore, that portion of theber H andbetween thelatter and the boiler is closed at the front, to prevent the products of combustion from projecting thereinto and by being pocketed Scorch the boiler, but is open at the 'rearend and where it may rc-l ceive, so to speak, the heat by radiation or reflex action, all tending to equalize the heating effect 'throughout theentire length of the boiler. 4

In the upper part of the mixing chamber F I have shown a pinhole P, to permit observation of the combustion within the mixing l chamber when desired.

' Claim:

1. A. setting'for a boiler comprising a firebox having a bridge wall and a downwardly extended deflecting wall positioned in the rear' of said bridge wall to leave between them a mixing chamber down` which the products of combustion are bent or deflected, in combination with a single combustion chamber of substantial length and constituting ay single outlet-passage for'the mixingchamber, said combustion chamber outlet-` passage at its entrance end being substantially narrower than saidv mixing chamber and unobstructed, thereby-to draw laterally together and enforce interminglingof the products of combustion flowing from oppo` site sideportions of said fire-box.

2. A. settinggfor a boiler comprising a irebox having a bridge wall and a downwardly extended deflect-ing `wall positionedl irrl the rear of said bridge` wall to` leave between them a mixing' chamber down which the products of combustion are bent or deflected, in combination with a single combustion chamber of substantial length and constitutj ing a single outlet-passage for the-mixingchamber, said combustion chamber outletpassage at its entrance end being substantially narrower than said mixing chamber and unobstructed, thereby to draw laterally together and enforce intermingling of the products of combustion flowing from opposite side portions of said fire-box, and means to introduce oxygen contiguous to said bridge wall. y

3. A setting for a boiler "comprising a firebox having a bridge wall and a downwardly extended deflecting wall positioned in the rear of said bridge wall to leave betweenthem a mixing chamber' down which the products of combustion are bent or deflected, in combination with a single combustion chamber of substantial length having its axis inclined and constituting a single outletpassage for the mixing-chamber, said `combustion chamber outlet-passage at its en.

trance end .being substantially narrower than i said mixing chamber and unobstructed,

Lthereby to draw laterally togetherand, en-

force intermingling of the products of combust-ion iowing from opposite side portions of said tire-box. Y

rac A let-passage at its entrance end being substantially narrower than said mixing chain- Y ber and unobstructed, thereby to draw latvopposite side portions of said fire-box'.

them a mixingv c lamber down which the l 4.' A settin for a boiler comprising -a firebox having a ridge wall and a downwardly extended deecting Wall positioned in the rear of said bridge Wall to leave betweenthem a mixing chamber down which the roducts of combustion are bent or deiiected, 1n Ycombination with n, single flaring qo1nbustion chamber of `su'betential length and constituting a single outet;pass'age for the mixing-ehmber,'said combustion chamber outerally tofrether and enforce intermingling of the products of combustion flowing from 5. A setting for a boiler comprising a {irebox having a bridge Wall and a downwardly extended detlecting wall positioned in the'V rea-r of said brid e Wall to leave betnf'een products of combustion are benifl gir deiiected, in combination with a, single nombustion chamber of substantial length and constituting a single outletpassage for theV opposite side portions of said lire-box, the

top Wall vot' said combustion chamber being separated from a boiler above it te leave an open dead chamber.

ln testimony whereof, have signed my name to this speeification, in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses. V

DTIGHT F. KILGGUR,

Witnesses: Y

- FREDERICKL. EMERY7 ARTHUR E. CARSON. 

